Avaliação dos efeitos do óleo obtido das amêndoas de baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) sobre marcadores de risco cardiovascular e funções hepática e renal em ratos normais e dislipidêmicos

Abstract

Lipotoxicity is highly related to the development of metabolic disorders, which are the main risk factors for the development of chronic diseases and their complications, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Studies indicate that the consumption of functional foods and nutraceuticals may contribute to the reduction or prevention of alterations caused by these diseases. In the Brazilian cerrado, this is a known popularly as tree barueiro (Dipteryx alata Vog.), whose fruits and seeds are part of the local cuisine. The oil from this seed has been popularly used both in cooking and in folk and preventive medicine. Although there are some reports of studies involving metabolic responses front intake baru almonds into animal models and human, there is a lack of scientific information about the biological effects of oil extracted from these kernels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of extracted oil intake baru seed on cardiovascular risk markers, morphology organs as well as renal and hepatic functions of normal and dyslipidemic mice. The seeds were obtained from fruits baru collected at random in Januária, Minas Gerais, Brazil, during the month of August 2014. The oil was obtained by mechanical pressing, using 12 tons of force on hydraulic press. Oil analysis by gas chromatography (GC-MS) showed the profile of fatty acids (FA) similar to that reported in other studies demonstrating the significant presence of unsaturated FA, monounsaturated FA oleic in greater quantity, and a lesser concentration of saturated FA, palmitic and lignoceric acids in greater quantity. Male Wistar rats (400 ± 25g) were divided into four groups: control (1), baru oil (2), dyslipidemia (3) and dyslipidemic Baru + oil (4). Groups 1 and 2 received water (10 ml / kg) and Baru oil (1g / kg), respectively; groups 3 and 4 were treated with cholesterol-rich emulsion (10 ml / kg), the latter also received Baru oil (1g / kg) for 15 weeks. Animals were weighed weekly and the consumption of water and feed were quantified throughout the treatment. After treatment, the animals were anesthetized and samples were collected for determination of parameters: biochemical, lipid peroxidation (LP) and liver morphology. The results showed that administration of rich emulsion lipids was able to induce metabolic changes in groups 3 and 4 as hyperlipidemia and fatty liver as well as increased malondialdehyde levels (MDA) in the aorta of animals of group 3, the test PL. Treatment with Baru oil showed beneficial effects, such as reduction of the MDA levels in the aorta of the animals of groups 2 and 4, to protect the livers of animals in group 4, and was not able to alter renal function of animals. The results obtained are relevant, demonstrating the safety of rational utilization of oil, since this is used in folk and preventive medicine as well in domestic cooking.