Espacialização dos parâmetros físico-hídricos do solo e associação com a vulnerabilidade à erosão hídrica em dois ambientes antropizados do ribeirão do cipó

Abstract

The erosion have been reconized worldwide like a environmental problem because it changes the soil quality and quality and quantity of water. Therefore, it is importante for water resourses manage, that the natural potencial of erosion and soil loss expectancy data are generated to help the dicision-making. In this contexto, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) is an empirical model, of simple use, able to predict soil losses, in Geographic Information System, for basins that have low amount of data. In this perspective, the goal is sample the physical-hydric soil atributes and to model the natural potencial of erosion and soil loss expectancy for two Cipó River Basin sub-basins, that have diferent characteristics of landuse and terrain. Whole soil attributes was classified as medium variability, with na exception of hydraulic conductivity saturated for two sub-basins, and the sand for Chapadão Creek Watershed, that presented high variability. The ordinary kriging generated reliables maps, because in the variographic analysis presented moderated and high spatial dependency for soil attributes, with the exponencial model as most appropiate. In area, for the two sub-basins the weak natural potencial of erosion was predominant, but it doesn’t mean that soil losses are low. On the Gigante Creek Watershed the total mean soil loss are considered as high soil loss, according to Beskow et al. (2009). Compared to Chapadão Creek Watershed is noticeable the mining influence, main economic activity on Gigante, in the erosive process. The Chapadão Creek Watershed is 4,3 times bigger than Gigante Creek Watershed, and presentes almost the same soil loss, therefore it is evidente the importance of forestry to soil protection of erosive process.