A mercantilização do ensino superior: análise crítica do discurso das missões institucionais de universidades federais brasileiras

Abstract

It is adopted as a premise of this work to approach the phenomenon of the commercialization of public higher education in Brazil, from the conception of public university that has been inserted in the society by the prism of the market, as service provider. Thus, we present as main objective to perform the critical analysis of the discourse present in the missions of the federal universities of the Southeast, in order to portray how in them the ideology of the commercialization of public education materializes. The theoretical basis of this research is based on Fairclough's studies on ACD and its three-dimensional conception of discourse: analysis of social practices, analysis of discursive practice and analysis of textual practice. In order to analyze social practice, we have tried to demonstrate how the idea of ​​rationalizing modernization has been made hegemonic by the privatization of university activity in the Western world through international organizations such as the OECD, UNESCO, BM and the Bologna Process. The crises that these invested capitalists have provoked in public universities. Next, we address the challenges and dilemmas of the public university in Brazil, making a brief history of its expansion, in the political and legal spheres, presenting a critical vision of its institutionalization. We also discuss public policies for higher education by referring to FIES, PROUNI, REUNI and the Quotas Law, explaining how they work, demonstrating their expansion and presenting a critical point of view on their effectiveness In addition, we analyze how the legislation regarding partnerships between support entities and public universities, in favor of the privatization of these, is gradually being influenced by a mercantilist ideology, which reflects in the categorization of the legal regime of these universities. In the analysis of the discursive practice we refer to the concept of institutional mission, making a concise reference to the fundamental role of the missions genre, articulating it with the changes of the social practice and how they are reflected in the language. Finally, in the analysis of textual practice we use some categories of analysis of the general modes of ideology provided by Thompson (1995). In view of this scenario, we conclude by confirming the hypothesis that was initially raised that the public university in Brazil has been influenced by a managerial / mercantilist ideology, so that we can materialize the influence of neoliberal discourse, which sees education as a vast market on the rise, being Aimed at the discourse of the universities themselves. The university, as a social institution that is, expresses the mode of functioning of society as a whole. Perhaps this is the reason for the discourse of the university institution to have conflicting discourses that show divisions and contradictions, such as those pointed out during the textual analysis.