Caracterização fitoquímica e avaliação da atividade biológica dos extratos obtidos de Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg

Abstract

For a long time, the use of medicinal plants was the main therapeutic resource used to treat diseases. There are several reports on the pharmacological properties of Campomanesia xanthocarpa, popularly known as gabiroba. Based on this information, the plant species in question, already used (popularly) as a medicinal plant for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, ulcers, antidiarrheal, among other uses, is a promising candidate for such studies. Initially, a preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out by means of qualitative tests of the vegetal drug from the leaves of Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg, which detected compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, catechins, triterpenoids, steroids and saponins. In the analysis by CCD was used different developers, analyzing the dry hydroethanolic extracts of the leaves, root and stem of Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg. Saponins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, condensed tannins, catechins, triterpenoids and anthocyanidins were detected. The quantitative chemical analysis showed that the dry extract of the stem had the highest content of phenolic compounds (39.3 ± 18c mg EAG), while the leaf extract was the one that showed the highest amount of flavonoids (23.3 ± 2.1 mg EQ). In the analysis of antifungal activity, the stem extract was the most active against the tested yeasts, being effective to almost all of them, highlighting C. glabrata (MIC50 of 3.9) and C. Krusei (MIC50 of 15,625) that presented MIC lower than the fluconazole control. In the antiinflammatory and contraceptive tests, through formalin tests, peritonitis induced by LPS and von Frey filament, showed a possible anti-inflammatory and antinoceptive action of the dry leaf extract. In the Formalin test, there was no significant decrease in lick time only in the extract of 1000 mg / kg when compared to the vehicle group (p <0.05) and in phase II there was a decrease in lick time in all concentrations when compared to the Control group Vehicle. In the LPS-induced peritonitis test, there was a decrease in the leukocyte count of the extracts of 10 and 100 mg / kg when compared to the vehicle + LPS control group, with p <0.05. In the Von Frey filament test, after carrageenan administration there was an increase in the mechanical threshold at all concentrations of extract already in the first hour.