Perfil empreendedor dos estudantes da Universidade Federal de Alfenas

Abstract

The labor market and the socioeconomic conditions of the contemporary world require professionals with an entrepreneurial profile. Individuals with behaviors and entrepreneurial characteristics that can transform ideas into reality, seeking not only their own benefits, but also those of the collectivity. Entrepreneurship within the university is an alternative for students, upon completing their studies, to possess the basic skills of entrepreneurship, awakening them to creative, innovative and economic development. In this context, the present study aims to identify, measure and analyze the degree of intensity of the entrepreneurial behavioral characteristics of the students of the Interdisciplinary Bachelor Degree in Sciences and Economics (BICE) of the Federal University of Alfenas. A behavioral perspective was adopted, based on David McClelland's Theory of Needs (1972), which established relations between the entrepreneurial motivation and the need for achievement, determining the motivations that lead the person to act in an entrepreneurial way. A survey was conducted, where 311 BICE students answered a questionnaire developed by McClelland (1972) on 10 Behavioral Behavioral Characteristics (CCE's): Search for opportunities and initiative; Persistence; Commitment; Requirement of quality and efficiency; Perform calculated risks; Establishing goals; Information search; Systematic planning and monitoring; Persuasion and network of contacts and last independence and self-confidence. Regarding the socioeconomic profile of the participants, the sample consisted of 47.6% of the male students and 52.4% of the female students, with 72.3% between the ages of 18 and 24, 64.9 % with family income of up to 3 minimum wages. It was verified that the students possess the ten entrepreneurial characteristics, but with average intensity level (between 18 and 22 points), when the maximum score is 25. The characteristics with the highest score were the characteristics "Independence and self-confidence" (22 ) and "Commitment" (21,7). On the other hand, the lower averages were the characteristics "Quality and efficiency requirements" and "Persuasion and Network of contacts". When questioned about their career intentions after the course ends, 49.1% want to work in public or private organizations, 37.2% want to pursue academic careers and only 12.5% want to start their own business.