Autocuidado de pessoas idosas com estomia por câncer colorretal à luz da Etnoenfermagem

Abstract

Assistance to the elderly with ostomies must be comprehensive, humanized and effective, so health professionals should be able to attend to the various demands of care and know the intervenient factors that can contribute to the Self-Care Deficit. Thus, the study focused on the self-care of the elderly with ostomy and aimed to analyze the self-care of elderly people with intestinal ostomies by colorectal cancer. Study with a qualitative approach based on the theoretical reference of Orem's Self-Care Deficit and methodological reference of the Ethnonursing, carried out with five elderly people enrolled in a university extension project, in the age group of 60-86 years, living in the urban area of a Southern municipality of Minas Gerais. Data collection took place through participant observation, semi-structured interview and video-recording. From the analysis of the data was constructed the central theme, Living with intestinal ostomy: challenges for self-care. Among the intervening factors for self-care are social and relational, educational, cultural and religious, economic and political. Self-care of the elderly with ostomy due to colorectal cancer is permeated with specificities. The multiprofessional team, especially the nurse must initiate the assistance in the diagnosis and follow up in the perioperative period, the discharge, the referral to the specialized service and the outpatient follow-up. The demarcation of the stomatal site is fundamental, as well as the orientations regarding self-care during hospitalization, progressive education for the self-care of the elderly and their families, with a view to rehabilitation and recovery of health, prevention of complications and improvement of quality of life. Technological, legal, political, and economic factors play a part in the Self-Care Deficit, while social, educational, religious, and cultural factors have favored self-care.