Estudo químico de extratos de sclerotinia sclerotiorum e atividade anti-inflamatória in vivo

Abstract

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an important phytopathogenic fungus, in parts due to the wide range of hosts that this fungus has, around of 408 species, and partly due to its ability to form resistance structures called sclerodes, Which can survive in soil for up to 11 years. Among the host species of this fungus stand out soybeans and beans due to its economic importance, the disease caused in the plant by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum called white mold causes the stem rot, the sclerodes formation in leguminous plants entails large losses due to a significant reduction in production that this causes, about 70%. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum has proven carcinogenic activity when ingested at high concentrations, as it is known that anticarcinogenic activity and anti-inflammatory activity are related it is necessary to investigate the pharmacological potential of this fungus. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum has proven carcinogenic activity, as it is known that anticarcinogenic activity and anti-inflammatory activity are related it is necessary to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory activity of this fungus. The aim of this work was to determine the possible in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the crude extract and the acetate, hexane and hydroalcoholic fractions of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, as well as to isolate and identify constituent compounds of these and later to evaluate the inflammatory activity of these compounds. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity, the ear edema test was performed, and it was possible to observe that the hexane fraction had anti-inflammatory activity compatible with that of the reference drug, reducing edema by 70%, while the reference drug inhibited 60%. In order to determine the inhibited inflammatory pathway in the ear edema test the neutrophil recruitment test was performed, in which it was observed that the hexane fraction significantly reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels indicating that it inhibited the inflammatory pathway of lipoxygenase (LOX). Two compounds were isolated by chromatographic column and Sephadex column from the acetate fraction of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which were identified by 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as mannitol and ergosterol peroxide. Mannitol and ergosterol peroxide were then submitted to the ear edema test, where it can be observed that both have anti-inflammatory activity, presenting a 53% and 68% inhibition of edema, which proves that the relation between antitumor activity and anti-inflammatory activity since ergosterol peroxide has proven anticarcinogenic, immunosuppressive and antioxidant activity. The hexane fraction was analyzed in masses of high resolution of this form it was possible to dereplicate several compounds that possibly constitute this fraction being these of diverse classes like flavonoids, coumarin and also terpenes. Most of the compounds that are not replicated belong to the class of flavonoids, these have a proven anti-inflammatory activity, which allows us to infer that the anti-inflammatory action of the hexanic fraction is possibly due to the large number of flavonoids observed in this class.