Efeitos da doxiciclina e do laser de baixa intensidade como adjuvantes ao tratamento convencional da doença periodontal induzida em ratos: uma análise bioquímica, radiográfica, histomorfométrica e imunoistoquímica

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the systemic and local effects of Doxycycline (DOX) and Low Intensity Laser (LBI) as adjuvants to scaling and root planing (RAR) in the treatment of the disease through biochemical, radiographic, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis induced periodontal disease in rats. One hundred and fifty (150) rats received the induction of periodontal disease through a cotton thread in the dento-gingival region of the first left lower molars. After seven days, the ligature was removed and the animals were divided into five groups of 30 rats each, according to the following local treatments: Control Group (C) – the animals were not submitted to any treatment, Group RAR – the animals were submitted only to RAR, Group DOX – animals were submitted to RAR and DOX irrigation, Group LBI – the animals were submitted to RAR and irradiated with LBI, and Group DOX + LBI – the animals were submitted to RAR treatments, irrigation with DOX and irradiation with LBI. After these steps, the animals were euthanized at 7, 15 and 30 days post local treatments for biochemical, radiographic, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyzes. In the systemic biochemical analysis between groups, a significantly lower concentration of Alpha-Glycoprotein and Complement 3 (C3) was observed in the DOX + LBI group compared to all other groups in all experimental periods, and for Complement 4 (C4) at 15 and 30 days (p <0.01). In the analysis between the periods, it was observed in the DOX + LBI Group that the concentrations of Alpha-Glycoprotein, C3 and C4 proteins decreased significantly between the periods of 7, 15 and 30 days (p <0.01). In the analysis between groups regarding local bone loss in the furcation region, a significantly lower bone loss was observed in the DOX + LBI Group compared to Groups C, RAR and DOX in all experimental periods and a significantly lower number of TRAP cells positive in the DOX + LBI group compared to the other groups, in all experimental periods (p <0.01). In the analysis between the periods, one can observe in the DOX + LBI group, lower bone loss and TRAP cells positive at 30 days compared to the 7-day period (p <0.01). After local treatments, a positive correlation was observed between the systemic values of the alpha-glycoprotein proteins, C3 and C4, with the local values of the areas of bone loss in the furcation region and number of positive TRAP cells, since the measurement that there was a decrease in proteins there was also a decrease in the area of bone loss and in the number of positive TRAP cells. Within the limits of this study, we can conclude that the association of Doxycycline with Low Intensity Laser adjuvant to root scaling and smoothing were effective both locally and systemically in the treatment of periodontal disease induced in rats.