Efeito do time-restricted feeding de curto prazo sobre os tecidos adiposos branco e marrom e perfil glicêmico em camundongos

Abstract

In recent years, dietary modifications have been increasingly promoted as potential auxiliaries in the prevention and treatment of obesity and metabolic dysfunctions. One of them is time-restricted feeding (TRF), which restricts daily meals to certain hours of the day, extending the typical night fasting for several hours. This work aimed to elucidate the effects of short-term TRF on food intake, total body mass, mass and histological analysis of periepididymal white adipose tissue (pWAT) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT), fasting glycemia and oral glucose tolerance. Forty Swiss male mice were divided into groups of 12-hour TRF per day for one or four weeks, with their respective controls. Data were analyzed in the GraphPad Prism® statistical analysis software. TRF animals after one and four weeks did not demonstrate alterations in total weight gain and food intake compared to the respective ad libitum animals (p > 0.05). However, there was an increase in the iBAT mass after one (0.44 ± 0.01 vs. 0.36 ± 0, 02 g/100g MC; p < 0.01) and four (0.53 ± 0.03 vs. 0.39 ± 0, 03g/100g MC; p < 0.001) weeks of TRF, in addition to a decrease in the size of the adipocytes and the pWAT mass in both first (1.70 ± 0, 09g/100g MC vs. 2 ,03 ± 0, 16g/100g MC; p < 0.05) and fourth (2.02 ± 0, 20g/100g MC vs. 2.46 ± 0, 31g/100g MC; p > 0.05) weeks. Fasting glycemia increased in TRF animals after the first week (175.90 ± 6.59 vs. 153.20 ± 5.77 mg/dL; p < 0.05), but not after four weeks (p > 0.05). The oral glucose tolerance test showed lower glucose elevation after four weeks (85.50 ± 10.33 vs. 121.80 ± 15.82 mg/dL; p < 0.05). These results point to a possible increase in thermogenesis and consequently in energy metabolism, probably using the energy reserves from WAT. In addition, there is an initial adaptation of fasting glycemia of the animals submitted to TRF in the first week, but in the fourth week there is a possible improvement in the clearance of plasma glucose, evidenced by the lower elevation in blood glucose in the TRF4 group, suggesting a possible enhancement in insulin sensitivity. Therefore, TRF represents a promising approach for the prevention and therapy of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type II diabetes.