Assistência no pré-natal pelo enfermeiro na atenção primária à saúde: visão da usuária

Abstract

The study aims to evaluate the assistance provided in the prenatal appointments by the nurse in the primary health care in the view of the user, in a city located in the south of Minas Gerais State. It was conducted a research of non experimental design, of the descriptive type and the quantitative approach, with the ellaboration of a data collection instrument by the researchers, validaded according to the Delphi Technique, and a pilot test was carried out. A population of 80 pregnant women, who undertook the prenatal in the primary health care units, was called for an educational activity, guided about the study and invited to participate. The analysis of the data was carried out in a descriptive and inferential way by using the software R version 3.6.3., the Chisquare tests, the G Test and Fisher's exact test considering the significance level of 5%. As a result, it was possible to observe that most of the pregnant women were between 18 and 25 years old, white, married or in a stable relationship, with high school education, homemakers, family income between 999.00 and 1,996.00 reais and catholic. Regarding the gestational record, most of them were in the second or third pregnancy, with no previous miscarriages, with previous Csection, denied complications in the previous prenancies and personal backgrounds, but claimed to have family backgrounds. Regarding the assistance received, it was observed that the pregnant women showed predominantly adequate body mass index and overweight, single pregnancy, beginning of prenatal by 12 weeks, attending from one to three prenatal appointments with at least one appointment with the nurse. They presented notes on a prenatal notebook regarding uterine height, blood pressure, fetal heartbeat, laboratory exams, ultrasound and guidance about vaccination. They reported deficiency about the clinical exam of the breasts and the performance of quick tests. With regard to the prescription of folic acid and ferrous sulphate, most of them reported to be using but not taking notes. Regarding the complaints in the current pregnancy, all of them reported having at least one, the most mentioned were low back pain, abdominal pain and pain in the legs. When asked about their opinion on the assistance provided by the nurse, all of the them said they were facilitators: they were welcome in the unit, felt good in the appointment and there was use of enlightening language; most also pointed out the barriers: receiving of educational activity and home visits. In the inferential tests, it was observed significance between: complications in the previous pregnancies and number of miscarriages; body mass index and swollen feet; skin marks and nausea and personal background; pain in the back and in the legs, vomiting, skin marks and nausea and gestational age; gum bleeding and age group; work situation and weakness; weakness and vomiting and laboratory exams; emotional complaints and use of ferrous sulphate. Although in the view of the pregnant women the assistance given by the nurse has been seen as facilitating in many aspects, deficiencies were observed regarding the fulfillment of essential actions during prenatal care such as the performance of physical exams, quick tests, educational activities and home visits. It is hoped that the actions demonstrated in this study contribute to the practices of professionals in the healthcare area and managers, stimulating a reflexive process towards the human care during prenatal, seeking to meet the real needs of the users.