Fitoquímica, metabolômica e avaliação anti-inflamatória e antiurolítica de Cissus gongylodes

Abstract

The inflammatory process is related to the defense mechanism of the immune system and it is also related to various diseases such as arthritis and asthma. Urolithiasis is a worldwide disease known as renal colic and its occurrence is considered multifactorial. One of the causes of kidney stones may be due to metabolic disorders, which cause increased salt saturation in the urine. After stone formation, these can cause obstruction in the urinary tract and initiate an inflammatory process, thus resulting in unbearable pain and edema formation at the site. For the treatment of urolithiasis are used drugs that can act in the regulation of metabolic disorders, inhibitors of stone formation, anti-inflammatory and antibiotics. There are not currently satisfactory drugs that can dissolve kidney stones and also act as a multi-target against urolithiasis. The Cissus gongylodes is an unconventional food plant whose ethnopharmacological historic describes the use of its decoction as both anti-inflammatory and nti-urolithiatic. However, there is not none scientific evidence for these properties, and the chemical composition of the decoction has never been characterized. In this study we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-urolithiatic potential of the decoction obtained from C. gongylodes. For this purpose, the mice croton-induced ear edema assay was performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory action and the mechanism of action of the substances from the decoction. In vitro assays that evaluate the inhibition and dissolution of the two most prevalent types of renal stone, calcium oxalate and struvite, were performed with the decoction. Phytochemistry steps were performed, and decoction chemical profile were evaluated by UHPLC-UV-HRMS. The decoction obtained from C gongylodes demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity being able to inhibit the two main pathways of the inflammatory process, cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. It is also presents the multi-target action inhibiting and dissolving the most commonly prevalent crystals, calcium oxalate and struvite. The phytochemical study allowed the isolation of a phenylpropanoid (E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enal for the first time in this species. The metabolomic study allowed the chemical characterization of the decoction as rich in phenolic compounds and glycosylated flavonoids. Thus, all results confirmated the ethnopharmacological historic of C gongylodes, revealed that the species is rich in phenolic substances, and it is extremely promising to development of anti-urolithiatic and anti-inflammatory treatments.