Grupos de educação em saúde e morbimortalidade materna: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Progress in health policies was not capable of reducing the rates of maternal morbimortality. Maternal morbimortality is an indicator of health, social inequity, and also a violation of human and social rights. The access of the pregnant women to prenatal care, information and the correct risk classification is able to minimize complications during this period. Thus, this study seeks to search and analyze the available scientific evidence about the relationship between health education groups carried out with pregnant women at average risk and maternal morbimortality. This is an Integrative Review, which has the leading question of research: what evidence is available on the participation of pregnant women attended in the prenatal care of average risk in health education groups regarding maternal morbimortality? Were used as descriptors: Maternal Mortality, Health Education, Prenatal Care, Primary Health Care, Pregnancy, Morbidity, Pregnancy Complications. The search was made in the databases of Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Web of Science, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health and Scopus. The inclusion criteria were mostly articles that answered the leading question of the integrative review, with no distinction of the methodological outline, published in English, Portuguese and Spanish, in the period between October 2009 and October 2019. A data collection instrument was applied, containing the arcticle's identification, institution hosting the study, type of publication, methodological characteristics and evaluation of studies. Studies were evaluated according to the level of evidence for each type of clinical question. Twenty-four studies were selected, classified into three categories, namely: 1) Relationship between health education groups for pregnant women and maternal morbimortality: a useful assistance model to reduce complications during pregnancy, being a

comprehensive health care strategy for the pregnant women; 2) Health promotion practice through the health education group for pregnant women: process of change of experiences and knowledge, promoting the understanding of different aspects related to pregnancy, leading women to make conscious choices regarding pregnancy and care with the newborn, looking for quality of life and health; and 3) Weaknesses and development needs in the achievement of health education groups for pregnant women: use of passive methodologies, weak link between the health unit and pregnant women, cultural and educational barriers. This study brings as main conclusions that the group educational activities for pregnant women enable quality care and have potential to reduce the risks and incidence of injuries during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium through comprehensive care, social interaction, boosting self-care behavior, increasing safety and the empowerment of pregnant women.