Aplicação de um modelo geoespacial de fragilidade ambiental a processos erosivos no parque estadual serra da Boa Esperança - PESBE - MG

Abstract

The disordered occupation of spaces by society causes an increase in environmental and social problems, including soil erosion, which at present is sometimes characterized as an irreversible problem. Several studies aim to subsidize the fight against erosion, among them the studies of environmental fragility, which aims to identify the fragilities and potentialities of the environments based on the integrated analysis of the landscape. In this sense, the main objective of this work is to apply an environmental fragility methodology in the Serra da Boa Esperança State Park (SBESP), with the purpose of mapping areas with greater and lesser degree of fragility, considering the evidence of erosive processes and movements of mass. This methodology uses geospatial analysis techniques in GIS to map the environmental fragility, through the integration of the variables Vegetation Index, Probability of Occurrence of Heavy Rains, Declivity, Density of Structural Lineaments and Density of Circulation Routes, being carried out in this work. a methodological adaptation, which consists of the addition of the Drainage Density variable. To obtain Environmental Fragility, these variables had their values rescheduled between 0 and 1 by the Fuzzy logic, being subsequently integrated through weighted algebra, with each one being assigned a weight by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test, regarding its relationship with the evidence of erosive forms in the park. The results obtained demonstrate that the areas that present greater fragility are found in the central sector of PESBE, being mostly inserted in the Hills with Smooth Hillsides compartment, related to a weak vegetation cover and high drainage densities and circulation routes.