Evidências para assistência á saúde de gestantes com COVID-19: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

The present study aimed to analyze the evidence available in the literature on the healthcare provided to pregnant women contaminated by SARS-CoV-2, during the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve the proposed objective, an integrative review was conducted. Initially, the research question was developed from the PICOT strategy, then, the search for primary studies for inclusion in the integrative review was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, CINAHL, and Embase databases. Primary studies that addressed care strategies for pregnant women contaminated by SARS-CoV-2, during the novel coronavirus pandemic, published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, published from 2019 onwards, were included. Subsequently, data extraction of the included primary studies was performed, using a script

developed by the authors and validated by a team of specialists. Subsequently, the evaluation of studies where tools were used to assess the levels of evidence and the quality of the included studies was performed. In the end, 18 studies were selected for this integrative review, of which three had been published in 2021, the other five had been published in the first semester of 2020, and the remaining ten in the second semester of 2020. Regarding study type/delineation, four (22.22%) were prospective cohort studies, three (16.66%) were retrospective cohort studies, and three (16.66%) were retrospective studies, with the others classified into different types/delineations. The results were presented through the following categories: the main signs and symptoms related to the contamination of pregnant women by SARS-CoV-2; the main complications related to the contamination of pregnant women by SARS-CoV-2; and the treatment of pregnant women contaminated by SARS-CoV-2. The evidence indicates that the healthcare provided to pregnant women contaminated by SARS-CoV-2 has been focused on the analysis of the signs and symptoms that these pregnant women present, as well as on the measures to control them, since no specific treatment for this disease has been found yet. The results from the present study emphasize the current information regarding the most frequent signs and symptoms and the possible complications that pregnant women with COVID-19 may present. Knowing the main presentations of the disease contributes to its early identification as well as to the implementation of measures to avoid complications for both mother and fetus. The theme of healthcare provided to pregnant women with COVID-19 presents a tendency to increase the production of knowledge, given that the evidence related to the care provided to this group of patients is still incipient. Therefore,

further research is essential to understand the complex interactions that SARS- CoV-2 causes in the maternal organism. There are still gaps to elucidate the mechanisms involved and the respective implications for maternal and infant quality of life.