Avaliação tomográfica, histológica e histométrica de cimento biocerâmico reparador em defeitos de calvária de ratos.

Abstract

Establishing strategies to restore, maintain, or improve the function of bone tissues involves the investigation of biomaterials that demonstrate the ability to enhance bone repair, especially when critical bone defects are present. The study evaluated the behavior of the bioceramic cement PBS CIMMO HP® (Biologic Silva Pozzolana) when used as a filling material for defects in rat calvaria, either alone or in association with autogenous or bovine bone, through histological, histometric, and tomographic analyses. Sixty Wistar albino rats were used to create critical defects of 6 mm in the calvaria, divided into 6 groups: blood clot, autogenous bone, PBS CIMMO® bioceramic cement, particulate bovine bone, particulate bovine bone + PBS CIMMO®, autogenous bone + PBS CIMMO®. After euthanasia at 30 and 60 days, tomographic examination allowed the calculation of bone density through image analysis using ImageJ software and OneVolumeViewer. For the histological examination, the usual protocol of decalcification and hematoxylin and eosin staining was followed, and the analyses were performed using light microscopy with objectives of 2.5, 10, and 40. In the tomographic analysis, higher densities were observed for the PBS CIMMO® group compared to the autogenous bone group (p=0.0305). Qualitative histological evaluation showed that the PBS group demonstrated good bone formation and the presence of osteoid material. Histomorphometric evaluation showed that PBS CIMMO cement did not present statistical differences compared to the autogenous bone group (p=0.8641). The isolated PBS CIMMO® cement, at 60 days, showed higher density compared to autogenous bone, suggesting improved bone repair, as histological images of precursor collagens were evidenced during this period.