Evidências para o cuidado de enfermagem à pessoa com estomia respiratória: revisão integrativa

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the available evidence in the literature concerning nursing care for individuals with tracheotomy and/or tracheostomy and establish recommendations for nursing care for individuals with temporary and definitive respiratory stomas. The research consists of an integrative literature review, aiming to summarize the knowledge about nursing care for individuals with tracheostomy. The study followed six steps: identification of the theme and definition of the research question, search and selection of studies, data extraction and categorization, evaluation of studies, interpretation of results, and presentation of the review. A protocol was registered in the Figshare repository to promote open science. As this is a review based on publicly available online articles, no ethical review was necessary. The evaluation of studies involved specific forms for qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies, as well as hierarchy of evidence level. The synthesis of results contributes to clinical decisions by nurses in caring for individuals with tracheostomy. The final presentation included a document detailing the stages and results of the review. Initially, 23,128 studies were identified in the database search, with 8,090 excluded due to duplication. After title and abstract analysis, 14,958 studies were removed. Exclusion criteria included secondary studies, letters to the editor, editorials, and non-inclusive languages. Out of the remaining 80 studies, 35 were selected for the integrative review. The geographical distribution of the studies showed diversity, with a focus on the USA (28.57%) and Saudi Arabia (11.43%). English was the predominant language (94.29%). Regarding publication years, 2023 had the highest frequency (14.29%). From the readings, three categories emerged: the importance of building knowledge and practices for caring for individuals with tracheostomy, care for individuals with tracheostomy, and health education for individuals with tracheostomy and caregivers. Thus, providing care for individuals with respiratory stomas requires a holistic and personalized approach. Education, family support, and proper equipment maintenance are crucial. Promoting the autonomy of individuals with respiratory stomas and understanding their prior experiences are essential for effective and compassionate care.