Prevenção de adoecimento e promoção da saúde mental em profissionais de enfermagem: revisão integrativa

Abstract

The conditions and characteristics of work, issues related to career, low wages and low appreciation of the work of nursing professionals can constitute health risks, generating physical and mental illness, which are not always diagnosed and/or investigated. Therefore, the implementation of actions aimed at promoting and preventing mental health changes at work is necessary. The objective of the present study was to analyze the scientific evidence on the prevention of illness and promotion of mental health in nursing professionals. This is an Integrative Review, with the guiding question based on the PICo strategy. A search for primary studies was carried out using controlled and uncontrolled descriptors in the following databases: Medical Literature Analyzes and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) via PubMed®, the Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature Database (LILACS), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Sciverse (Scopus) and the Web of Science (WOS). Primary studies that addressed the prevention of illness and promotion of mental health in nursing professionals, published in English, Spanish and Portuguese and published between 2006 and 2022, were included. Exclusion criteria were: reviews, letters to the editor, editorial, brief comments and those that, after reading in full, did not respond to the objective of this review. Subsequently, data extraction was carried out from the included primary studies, using a validated script. To identify the research design of the primary studies included in the Integrative Review, the nomenclature used by the study authors themselves was adopted. To assess methodological quality, the Joanna Briggs Institute quality assessment instruments were used. Ultimately, 12 studies were selected for this integrative review, of which three were in 2021, two (16.7%) in 2020, two (16.7%) in 2015, one (8.3%) in 2019, one (8.3%) in 2017, one in 2016 and one study in 2012. Five (41.7%) were published in journals from the USA, two (16.7%) from England, two (16.7%) from Brazil, one (8.3%) from Switzerland, one (8.3%) from Japan and one from the Netherlands. Regarding language, ten were in English and two (16.7%) in Portuguese. Regarding the type of study, eight (66.67%) were classified as

Randomized Clinical Trials, two (16.7%) as Qualitative Studies, one (8.33%) as a Quasi- experimental Study and one (8.33% ) as a Prospective Cohort Study. Regarding the level of

evidence, eight (66.7%) were characterized as level IIa, two (16.7%) as VI and one (8.3%) as IV. In relation to scientific evidence on the prevention of illness and promotion of mental health in nursing professionals, the following interventions were identified: four (33.3%) on self-care, two (16.7%) on art therapy, two (16. 7%) on physical activities, one (8.3%) on Yoga, one (8.3%) on Foot Baths, one (8.3%) on Tai Chi and one (8.3%) with multiple interventions . Conclusion: Continuing education, whether in the training of self-care skills or in carrying out incentive practices, is essential. The promotion of a healthy environment and the search for equity in care with educational proposals motivate self-knowledge and improvement. Finally, it can be stated that Yoga, Tai Chi, foot baths, art therapy, the Community Resilience Model, physical activities and combined interventions to promote mental health, as well as training by work institutions These are important intervention strategies that provide energy movement, stimulate body awareness, concentration and tranquility, promoting various benefits for the body and mind by reducing stress and improving the quality of sleep and physical and mental conditioning of nursing professionals.