Estado de Saúde percebido e qualidade de vida de homens e mulheres atendidos na estratégia saúde da família

Abstract

The national health survey (PNS), in which women seek more care at health centers, makes it clear that there is a difference between men's and women's perspectives on life. Various causes of death in men due to preventable diseases represent a large portion of registered deaths when compared to women. Given the relevance of the perspective of life and demand for health care for men and women and the lack of knowledge about the National Policy for Comprehensive Health Care for Men (PNAISH) and Women (PNAISM), the objective of this work was to evaluate the perception of their health status and quality of life in appointments scheduled in the Family Health Strategy (ESF). To this end, a quantitative cross-sectional study with an analytical-descriptive approach was applied to the ESF in the city of Cambuquira-MG, with 41 men and 71 women. Validated research instruments were used, including a sociodemographic questionnaire, the SF36 scale and WHOQOL-bref. To check whether there was an association between the sociodemographic variables and the domains of the instruments, the Chi square test was applied and to compare the scores between men and women, the T-Student test was applied, both considering p<0.05 as significance statistics using SPSS software. It was observed that there is a predominance (p<0.05) of women in seeking health services compared to men; dominance of the age group 31 to 60 years old, followed by the age group 18 to 30 years old (p<0.05); respectively also single, married, divorced and widowed (p<0.05); predominance of completed high school education level (p<0.05). Considering the SF36 scale, the perception of their general health status at the current moment and a year ago, they have a better perception of their health status (p<0.05). Regarding the perception of difficulty in carrying out certain daily activities, there was a difference (p<0.05), where men were more susceptible to dominance. In the perception of their physical health and psychological state, the characteristics differed according to the sex of the participants (p<0.05), in which women reported that physical health does not interfere with the reduction of working time (p<0.05), without limitations (p<0.05) and without difficulties in carrying out their tasks (p<0.05). Regarding bodily pain and emotional deficiencies, there was a higher percentage of women who reported that it did not interfere in any way with the development of daily tasks (p<0.05). In the domains of emotional feelings and physical aspects, women do not perceive themselves as nervous, depressed or discouraged, exhausted and tired people, and that, on the contrary, they are most of the time full of vigor, with energy, calmer and happy (p<0.05). For functional capacity, limitations due to physical aspects, the general state of their health, vitality, limitations due to emotional aspects and mental health, female participants had higher scores (p<0.05). According to WHOQOL-bref, the results suggest that women have a better quality of life. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a predominance of women in seeking health services, with evidence of a better quality of life than men.