Avaliação de vulnerabilidades sociais e ambientais do município de Três Pontas, Minas Gerais : uma proposta e aplicação de metodologia para resíduos sólidos urbanos

Abstract

The construction of an intra-urban vulnerability index at the census tract level in Brazil faces significant challenges due to the scarcity of detailed data. However, such an index is essential for guiding the monitoring of access distribution to resources and services, as well as supporting socioeconomic development and resource allocation to areas in need. A study used data from the 2010 Census to develop an Intra-urban Vulnerability Index, analyzing 88 census tracts. Fourteen indicators were distributed across three domains and analyzed through Principal Component Analysis, resulting in two main components that explained 71.80% of the total variation in the indicators. The first component, Intra-urban Social Development Index, and the second component, Intra-urban Resource and Service Deprivation Index, revealed areas with high deprivation of resources and basic services, affecting 13.31% of the population and 12.57% of households. This index proved to be viable and statistically robust, potentially supporting future monitoring of resource distribution and public management. In the second study, the created Intra-urban Vulnerability Index was applied to data collection based on census tracts categorized by the development of the first article, allowing a detailed analysis of urban solid waste composition in Três Pontas, Minas Gerais. Using the Intra-urban Social Development Index, statistical analyses (MANOVA and ANOVA) and regression tests were performed for the main waste fractions. Results showed that 54.48% of waste is biodegradable, 10.08% is recyclable plastics, 3.06% is potentially contaminated sanitary waste, and 2.14% is various non-recyclable waste. Families in areas of high social development generate higher percentages of recyclable materials, while families in areas of low socioeconomic development generate smaller amounts of waste. The high incidence of biodegradable and recyclable waste suggests potential to be explored for improving waste management, highlighting the need for reassessment of the current selective collection model and the possible implementation of a composting plant. Both studies emphasize the importance of detailed indices for efficient management of resources and services in urban areas.