Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de extratos vegetais de plantas encontradas no cerrados do sul de minas gerais

Abstract

The indiscriminate use of antibiotics may be associated with the phenomenon of microbial resistance, leading to infections treatment failure and boosting the search for new therapeutic alternatives, among them, the bioactive obtained from plant sources. We evaluated the antimicrobial activity of hydroethanolic extracts of plants on Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria, yeasts, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis H37 through agar diffusion and broth microdilution techniques. Among the extracts evaluated through agar diffusion method, the leaf extract of Bidens pilosa showed the most significant average halos of growth inhibition against microorganisms used, followed by flower of Bidens pilosa leaf E. pyriformis, sheet M. cauliflora seed and E. pyriformis showed that statistically the same average formation of inhibitory halos on Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria and yeast. Extracts of Heliconia rostrata showed no activity. Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 were resistant to all extracts. Of the tested microorganisms, Gram positive bacteria M. luteus and S. aureus showed the same sensitivity profile (p> 0.05). Gram negative bacteria E. coli, E. cloacae, S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa also showed the same sensitivity profile compared to extracts (p> 0.05). The sensitivity profile of the fungi C. albicans and S. cerevisiae and were comparable between the Gram-positive B. subtilis, E. faecalis and Gram negative bacteria S. typhimurium (p> 0.05). The extracts which showed inhibitory action by microdilution sample test were the same active extracts as in agar diffusion test. The Cytotoxicity assessment was performed on cell C6-36 larvae of Aedes albopictus. The extracts of Heliconia rostrata’s stem and flower, Plinia cauliflora’s leaf and stem, crassiflora Annona’s seed and stem, Bidens pilosa's root and flower showed no toxicity at the evaluated concentrations. The highest selectivity were presented by stem extracts of A. crassiflora and Bloom B. pilosa as for S. aureus there is potential for studies on future drug candidates. Of the tested microorganisms, Gram positive bacteria M. luteus and S. aureus showed the same sensitivity profile (p> 0.05). The sensitivity profile of the fungi C. albicans and S. cerevisiae and were compared one another and to B. subtilis, E. faecalis Gram positive and S. typhimurium Gram negative bacteria (p> 0.05). Among the microorganisms which showed some sensitivity to any of the extracts, M. bovis, P. aeruginosa, S. marcescens, E. and E. cloacae coli were statistically also less sensitive. Only the leaf extracts of B. pilosa showed statistically significant equality of the average inhibitory effectiveness when compared to the positive control and chlorhexidine