Estudo da produção de substâncias bioativas por fungos endofíticos do mangue

Abstract

Endophytic microorganisms are those that inhabit the interior of plant tissues, intra-or extracellularly without causing any damages. They have a symbiotic relation with the plant and they can synthesize substances with high biotechnological potential. This study aimed to review the capacity of mangrove endophytic fungi isolated from the southern coast of São Paulo state in producing compounds with biological activity: antimicrobial, antiproliferative and antioxidant. Twelve endophytic fungi extracts were screened for their antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive bacteria, a Gram-negative bacteria and pathogenic yeast by microdilution plate method. Three of them, Diaporthe phaseolorum 41.1 (1), Diaporthe sp. 54 (4) and Gibberella moniliformis 99 (3), stood out in this test (MIC 62.500 to 125.000µg/mL) and then were held other biological activities assays with them. The scavenging capacity (average sequestrant capacity + standard deviation), at 90 ppm was measured by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilidrazyl) method and it was found values ​​found for BHT (butil hydroxi toluen) patterns (66.310% ± 0.019) and ascorbic acid (96.047% ± 0.005) and for the extracts of fungi tested which were below than the patterns: D. phaseolorum 41.1(1) (8.357%± 0.005), Diaporthe sp. 54(4) (8.747%± 0.018) and G.moniliformis 99(3) (29.640% ± 0.011). Only the Diaporthe sp. 54(4) crude extract presented antiproliferative activity against tumor cell lines tested wich 2.7µg/mL of the crude extract were required for 50% growth inhibition of leukemia cells K562 and 7.2µg/mL to inhibit the same percentage of K51 glioma tumor cells, this extract can be considered moderately active against these tumor cell lines. The extract of the endophytic D. phaseolorum 41.1 (1) showed better leishmanicidal activity, whereas the concentration of 7.197µg/mL inhibits 50% of the growth of Leishmania amazonensis promastigote forms.These results highlight the importance of these mangrove microrganisms study and show that they can be a source of various substances with pharmacological interest activity.