A compreensão da violência contra a criança sob a óptica dos cuidadores de instituições de acolhimento, Alfenas, MG

Abstract

This research focuses on the understanding of child abuse from the perspective of caregivers of the host institutions Alfenas, MG. It aims to know and understand the child abuse from the perspective of caregivers and how specific, identify the frequency and type of violence in the age group 0-12 years of age recorded in the Occurrence Bulletins (BO) Military Police ( PM); characterize the victim as to age, sex, type from aggression and characterize the offender as to age, sex, relationship to the victim and drug use. It is a search for a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional descriptive study with a qualitative approach. For quantitative analysis, we used information from 322 BO and with the aid of software BioEstat 5.0, the proportions were estimated and applied the chi-square test, with significance level of 5%. Obtained by results in greater evidence, victims aged 10 to 12 years with 37.3% of cases in relation to gender, the prevalence of 56% is male. Regarding the place of occurrence, the home environment presents with 42% of cases. In characterizing the aggressor, males with 55.3% set in greater proportion, being the predominant age group in both sexes from 21 to 30 years, of these, 10.5% were drug users. To consider the relationship with the victim's mother with 30.8%, followed by 18.7% with father were responsible for assaults against children. Physical violence stood out with 45.4%, followed by 35.1% negligence. In the qualitative approach, in which interviewed 10 caregivers of two host institutions of Alfenas, MG, used content analysis proposed by Bardin (2004), with pre-criteria analysis, material exploration, with the dismemberment of the text and the processing of the results was made interpretation and inference. From the speeches revealed three categories: Neglect and abandonment; Physical Aggression: question of power; Family violence. In Neglect and abandonment, it appears that parents are failing in their responsibilities in the role of full protection to the child. Caregivers make mention of the fact of neglecting basic care to their children for drug use, and eventually abandon them. In Physical Aggression: question of power is observed that physical aggression is common and presents with different manifestations, tends to leave marks on children, sensitizing the caregiver. In Family violence, caregivers relate to the environment, as a generator of conflicts, and should be a safe environment for child protection. As conclusion, it is considered to be necessary interventions in the socio-political field, in order to broaden means to protect children and reduce child abuse in the county. As part of the protection system, it is considered necessary the extension of studies focused on continuing education to caregivers, to contribute in a beneficial way, child development and the process of adaptation to reality, and coordination of municipal services to units of early childhood education family health.