Prevalência de anomalias dentárias em uma população ortodôntica na região de Alfenas/MG

Abstract

Dental anomalies are developmental disorders usually found in the general population and can cause serious complications if not diagnosed early. Data on prevalence, distribution by gender, age and site of occurrence are not a consensus among the various studies already published in literature. The objective of this study was to verify the prevalence of dental anomalies in non-syndromic patients, found in the pretreatment records of the Postgraduate Institute of Minas Gerais located in Alfenas/MG; characterize the demographics of patients with dental anomalies with respect to gender, race, age and main affected teeth; verify the prevalence of dental anomalies associated with the different malocclusions and associate the most frequent dental anomalies with the other anomalies found. From 2,052 orthodontic documentations reviewed, 562 (27.39%) had at least one dental anomaly. Of these, 316 (56.23%) were females and 246 (43.77%) were males. Regarding race, 74.20% of patients were white, 16.19% were brown and 9.61% were black. The most prevalent anomaly was ectopia (35.05%), mainly affecting the upper canines, followed by microdontia (30.07%) which was more prevalent in the upper lateral incisors. 21.35% of the affected patients had impaction, and the upper canines were the most affected teeth. Hypodontia was present in 14.77% of patients, with a higher prevalence in the second lower premolars and upper lateral incisors. The least prevalent anomalies were hyperdontia (5.16%), taurodontism (4.98%), macrodontia (2.31%) and transposition (0.53%), which affected only 3 patients. Top four anomalies in frequency were associated with each other (p <0.05), all were associated with taurodontism (p <0.05) and microdontia was also associated with macrodontia (p <0.05). Most patients had Class I malocclusion, but only impaction was associated with this malocclusion. Impaction showed prevalence 1.84 times higher for Class III malocclusion. Class II Division 2 malocclusion was not associated with any anomaly.