Modulação da enzima indolamina 2,3 dioxigenase pelos AGEs (produtos finais de glicação avananda) em ratos diabéticos

Abstract

The diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that is known to cause several longterm complications such as renal insufficiency, blindness, vascular and neurological changes. There are some theories trying to explain how chronic hyperglycemia may lead to cellular and tissue impairments and the Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGE) theory is one of the most important. Cardiovascular disease is one of the diabetes mellitus long-term complications and in this case it was observed an increased serum concentration of kynurenine, an indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase (IDO) catalyzed tryptophan oxidation product. In this study we evaluated the IDO modulation by AGEs in diabetic rats and the impact of this modulation in cardiac risk markers. For diabetes model, Wistar rats were treated with intraperinoeal (i.p.) injection of aloxane. It was evaluated 6 different groups (n=8): Activated diabetic (DA), Non Activated diabetic (DNA), Activated diabetic treated with aminoguanidine (DAAG), Non activated diabetic treated with aminoguanidine (DNAAG), Activated control (CA) and Non activated control (CAN). Aminoguanidine (AG) is a known AGEs formation inhibitor and it was administrated by gavage during 50 days after the DM was installed. Kynurenine formation is a measure of IDO acitivity and it was evaluated, by HPLC, in peritoneal macrophages and brain homogenates. The IDO protein expression was analyzed by Dot Blot, Immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry. The main cardiac risk markers (total cholesterol and fractions and PCR-US) were determined by commercial kits. The glycemic and renal profile were also evaluated since AGEs are known to be nephrotoxic. As expected, we observed an increase in AGEs by 2,9 times when compared with the control and the aminoguanidine compound inhibited 35% of tthese products. There was an increase in the IDO expression and activity in macrophages and brain homogenates in diabetic rats when compared with control. This rise was more evident when the animals were treated with LPS, mimicking an infection. The difference of IDO activity and expression was not due to the AGEs concentration since we did not observe difference between the AG treated and non-treated groups. The same way observed by IDO modulation, the AG treatment did not alter the glycemic, lipidic and renal profiles in this experimental model. These results showed that the hyperglycemic state increase IDO levels. These findings suggest that IDO might be a morbid diabetes marker and a potential target of new therapeutic strategies of DM.