Análise do efeito do própolis no reparo de feridas cutâneas em ratos diabéticos

Abstract

Diabetic foot is an infection, and ulceration or tissue destruction due to neuropathy and vascular disease , and above 84 % of all lower limb amputations related to diabetes . The impaired healing of skin wounds in people with diabetes mainly involves hypoxia, dysfunction of fibroblasts and epithelial cells, decreased angiogenesis and neovascularization, high levels of metalloproteinases, damage caused by reactive oxygen species ( ROS ), advanced glycation end products ( AGEs ), decreased resistance of the host immune and neuropathy. Thus the aim of this work was to propose an analysis of the effect of propolis cream 10% in tissue repair of skin wounds in diabetic rats . 32 animals were used, which were divided into group 1 ( 24 animals ) and group 2 ( 8 animals ) , all animals were subjected to the protocol of induction of diabetes, however, the first group received aqueous alloxan intraperitoneally, while the second group received saline 0.9 % in the same pathway. After the introduction of the tenth day after diabetes induction of experimental diabetes, each animal was anesthetized and subjected to three conducting lesions with a 5mm punch in the dorsal midline of the animal. The first lesion was treated with topical ointment commercial 10% propolis, the second lesion received topical treatment with 0.1% dexamethasone, and the third lesion received topical treatment with 0.9% saline solution, each covering the entire wound. The lesions were measured diameter value and used to calculate the contraction of injury. The animals were euthanized and specimens of lesions were fixed in paraformaldehyde buffered at pH 7.4 for 48 hours. The specimens were processed, mounted in paraffin, cut in the microtome at 4 m and stained with staining technique by hematoxylin and eosin. Were analyzed neutrophil infiltration, macrophage infiltration, granulation tissue and epithelialization. Microscopic analysis of these phenomena is qualitative and subjective global and considered the presence and intensity of these phenomena compared between the experimental groups. The results show that: The contraction of the cutaneous lesions of both groups was always greater in animals treated with propolis, followed by dexamethasone treated and saline (p = 0.03). Mean macrophage infiltration of animals in group 2, was: 1.72 ( p = 0.02) for those treated with propolis, 1.47 for those treated with dexamethasone and 1.40 for saline-treated. The mean neutrophil infiltration of the animals in group 1 were: 1.22 ( p = 0.0036 ) for those treated with propolis, 1.31 for those treated with dexamethasone and 1.49 for those treated with saline. The average formation of granulation tissue in group 1 were: 1.87 ( p = 0.01) for those treated with propolis, 1.58 for those treated with dexamethasone and 1.58 for those treated with saline. And the average epithelialization of the treated animals in group 1 were: 1.72 ( p = 0.03 ) for those treated with propolis, 1.58 for those treated with dexamethasone and 1.65 for those treated with saline.