Estudo físico-químico das formas cristalinas do alendronato de sódio

Abstract

Most drugs are formulated with excipients and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in solid for a number of reasons such as ease of dispensation of the medicine stability, longer duration of plasma drug concentration after dosing, etc. But the formulations that use solid IFAs have an important fact to be reported and, especially lately that is the phenomenon of polymorphism, defined as the ability of a compound to get the same two or more distinct solid state forms, which may cause differences in its physical properties and hence cause problems for those using these drugs due to inadvertent variations in serum concentration of the API. Alendronate sodium is a drug widely used for the treatment of osteoporosis related illness wear bone tissue and that affects mostly postmenopausal women. The literature has reported different polymorphs, or solid forms of this drug. In this work were study two of these crystalline forms, anhydrous and the trihydrate. The studies demonstrated that the XRPD technique (X-ray diffraction powder), IR (infrared), DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and TG/DTA (differential thermogravimetric analysis) were able to individually distinguish between the two forms. Thus we chose to study XRPD for two samples of raw material and three commercial reference drug (R), generic (G) and similar (S) of sodium alendronate. The results showed that the form present in the five samples was trihydrate, which the crystalline form is recommended by USP 34. The results also have shown no evidence of the presence of anhydrous form. With the assessment phases interconversion between the forms was noted that the conversion of trihydrate in anhydrous form occurs faster than mentioned in the literature and also the conversion of the anhydrous form of trihydrate occurs instantaneously when the presence of water . The results also showed that the phase interconversion occurs with modification of the crystalline structure. Thus, this work was proposed for the first time, a crystallographic phase transition mechanism involving the process of hydration / dehydration of sodium alendronate. Another important result of this dissertation was the proposal of an alternative method of quantification of alendronate sodium by flame photometry. The developed and validated method was subsequently applied to the solubility of study in balance and discriminatory intrinsic dissolution of the two of alendronate sodium forms. Among the tested media, there was a significant difference in the solubility equilibrium between the two forms only in acetate buffer pH 6.0 (sodium free ions). The intrinsic dissolution showed discriminate between that forms this medium was performed.