Avaliação de nanomateriais (TiO2, ZnO) para a especiação de As empregando técnicas hifenadas (UV/PCVG-AAS)

Abstract

Although the need to analyze elements at low concentrations is clear, information on mobility, bioavailability and the impact of these elements in the ecosystem are equally or more important than the overall analysis. The monitoring of the species in the ecosystem has been the focus of interest of numerous studies, since they are used as raw material for various industrial products such as fungicides and herbicides. Due to the high toxicity of these compounds, ability to bio-accumulate, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, the presence and / or absence of these compounds need to be properly studied and monitored through efficient techniques for the chemical speciation, in most cases, in low concentrations. Thus, the present study evaluates the efficiency of the heterogeneous photocatalysis process for the speciation of As in water, sediment and plants. The use of photocatalytic systems for the generation of hydrides (PCHG) using metal oxide, such as semiconductor (TiO2, and ZnO) and to reduce the generation of hydrides from the different forms, have shown promise and been reported in the pre-reduction and the generation of hydrides. The main parameters for the generation of hydrides such as sodium borohydride concentration of 0.4-2.0% (MV-1), carrier gas flow rate 0.05 mL min -1 and the amount of hydrochloric acid 2.0 30% (w-1) were studied. Other inorganic acids (nitric and phosphoric) and organic (acetic, formic and oxalic acid) were assessed in the system for the generation of hydrides. Different forms were evaluated for the generation of hydrides [As (III) As (V) and dimetilarsênio], demonstrating the need for a more complete and efficient process for generating targeting the chemical speciation. The best conditions for hydride generation: sodium tetraborohidreto [0,8% (mv-1); 0.5% (MV-1) NaOH], the acid HCl 2.0% (w-1), the curve linearity (r = 0.99903) and sensitivity (slope of 0.00747), gas flow drag 0.0025 mL.minutes-¹. The PCHG system has its best conditions for each species: sodium tetraborohidreto [0.8% (mv-1); 0.5% (MV-1) NaOH], 2.0 HCl acid and 10% (w-1) for TiO2 photocatalyst mass 0.02 g L-1 pH 4 and ZnO photocatalyst 0,06 g L-¹ both photocatalysts with formic acid of 2 to 8% (w-1) in accordance with the species to be determined), the curve linearity (r = 0.99745) and sensitivity (slope of 0.00171; 0.00144; 0.00228), for the species As (III), As (V), DMA) respectively, the gas flow drag 0.0025 mL.minutes¹.