Impacto das alterações bucais na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de pré-escolares e de suas famílias em Alfenas/MG

Abstract

Oral health plays an important role in an individual's life from childhood to adulthood, interfering with his general and emotional well-being. Daily activities and quality of life may be affected by oral diseases and disorders, in addition to the socioeconomic factor. The objective of this study was to understand the impact of oral diseases and disorders, as well as the socioeconomic conditions in oral health-related quality of life (QVRSB) for 2 to 5-year old children and their parents in the city of Alfenas/MG. The instruments for data collection were two structured questionnaires, composed of objective and subjective questions about the socioeconomic conditions and QVRSB (ECOHIS). 321 children (2-5 years of age) were clinically examined by a previously calibrated researcher, evaluating the ECC (Early Childhood Caries), TDI (Traumatic Dental Injury) and TAM (Types of Anterior Malocclusion). Data analysis was performed by the softwares Statistic 11.0 and Sigma Plot 12.0, with a confidence interval of 95%, and linear regression was carried out. The prevalence of ECC, TDI and TAM was 54.2%, 15.6% and 53.9%, respectively. It was observed that in older children there was a negative impact on QVRSB (p=0.009); similarly, children with higher rates of early childhood caries also had greater impact on their (p<0.0001) and their families' QVRSB (p<0.0001). Children living with their mothers and their partners (p=0.020) and those with divorced parents (p=0.030) reported worse QVRSB. Mothers aged less than or equal to 30 years showed a negative impact on their children's (p=0.013) and their families' QVRSB (p=0.038). On the other hand, mothers with higher educational level (p=0.004) and families with higher monthly income (p=0.004) showed a protective factor for QVRSB. Thus, it is concluded that children with higher caries index, older, with divorced parents, who live with their mother and her partner and with young mothers have worse QVRSB, as family income and mother's educational level were presented as protective factors.