Bioatividade de extratos de folhas e frutos de Byrsonima spp. (Malphigiaceae) em Lactuca sativa L.

Abstract

The Byrsonima genus is characterized by high phenotypic plasticity and composition in South America. B. verbascifolia and B. intermedia, popularly known as Murici-cascudo and Murici-pequeno, respectively, are known species by the rich presence of tannins, saponins, catechins, flavonoids, triterpenes and glycolipids, secondary metabolites that are important for the development and survival of plants, and act as allelopathic compounds. Allelopathy is known as plant biochemical interaction between the environment causing interaction plant/plant through competition can be tested by bioassay using various parameters. Lactuca sativa L. is a species widely used as a bioassay for presenting high sensitivity even when exposed to low concentrations of toxic and environmental samples. This work is presented in the form of chapters so that, Chapter 1 provides a brief review of the botanical characterization Byrsonima spp., secondary metabolites of Byrsonima spp., allelopathy and quimioecology, bioassays with Lactuca sativa L. for phytotoxicity studies and forms of extraction. Chapter 2 presents in the form of paper I and paper II. Paper I aimed to study the phytotoxic properties and cytogenotoxic of leaves and fruits of B. verbascifolia and B. intermedia in L. sativa L. using the sandwich method. It was found that fruits of B. intermedia are responsible for the inhibition of germination of lettuce leaves with regard to this species. The lettuce root elongation organs exposed to B. verbascifolia showed stimulatory effects and organs of B. intermedia showed inhibitory effects on the growth of roots. The mitotic index showed allelopathic effect of Byrsonima spp. the reduction of cell division in root meristem of lettuce, and stimulating the roots stretching caused by B. verbascifolia understood as a consequence of cell expansion and not of mitotic activity. It was observed effect aneugenic of Byrsonima spp. being the highest frequency of C-metaphase and stickness in fruits of B. verbascifolia and leaves of B. intermedia. Paper II presents a work whose purpose was to determine the phytotoxicity of different plant extracts of B. verbascifolia and B. intermedia in bioassay Lactuca sativa L. The results showed that the extracts of leaves of B. verbascifolia and B. intermedia, especially ethanol extract, have phytotoxic and cytotoxic potential. These effects are different depending on the extraction form (aqueous cold, hot and ethanol), probably due to the composition of secondary metabolites.