Formas sólidas no melhoramento das propriedades físico-químicas de fármacos de baixa solubilidade aquosa: doxiciclina, orbifloxacino e carvedilol

Abstract

More than one third of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) described in the US Pharmacopoeia have a poorly-water solubility or are insoluble in water. Moreover, most of the drugs are available in their solid (crystalline) form, particularly tablets, due to a major stability and lower costs. However, in order for a drug product to exercise its therapeutic action it is necessary that the API can be released from the pharmaceutical formulation and that this ingredient has to be dissolved in an adequate quantity and rate on the gastrointestinal fluids to be absorbed. Thus, these poorly soluble drugs in these fluids present problems with bioavailability. In this sense, one of the biggest challenges of the pharmaceutical industry in the recent years is to improve the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs, so that in turn they can be bioavailable and thus, more effective. This work has as objective to obtain new solid forms of low aqueous solubility APIs and evaluate their physicochemical properties, especially solubility and stability. The APIs chosen for this study were doxycycline, orbifloxacin and carvedilol. New crystalline forms of these three APIs were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) and characterized by vibrational spectroscopy in the infrared, by thermal analysis and by X-ray diffraction by polycrystals. The two new crystal structures determined from SCXRD data were: one for doxycycline and one for orbifloxacin. Other four novel crystalline phases, (1 for the orbifloxacin and 3 for the carvedilol), were identify by the techniques of physical characterization and their structures will be determined from studies of X-ray diffraction posteriorly. The solubility, stability and dissolution of these novel solid forms were carried out and compared with those recommended and, or known solid forms for each API.