As abordagens da história ibérica medieval nos livros didáticos da educação básica

Abstract

The Muslim power in the Iberian Peninsula, during the Middle Ages, made this region a place of singular life, due to the coexistence of Christians, Muslims and Jews. In eight centuries of this power, multiple influences and exchanges happened in this Geographic context and in the historical time among the three monotheist religions, leaving deep marks of its culture in the European imaginary. Portuguese America would not be immune to this influence. The discussion about Geographic space of the Iberian Peninsula in History teaching in Brazil is relevant, once Portugal and Spain had relevant contributions in the History of Latin America. Beliefs, values, ethics and religiosity that rule the country have their roots in the Medieval Iberian Peninsula. Studies about the cultural, ethnic and religious diversity of this period will be able to bring a contribution of great relevance to the understanding of Brazil‘s cultural formation. In this perspective, it was considered important to bring it to question the textbook aiming to analyze how the History of Medieval Iberian Peninsula was approached in its content and inquiring the way this theme is being treated in classrooms. The research happened in two stages that complemented themselves: the first stage was characterized for a documentary inquiry, questioning the text book as instrument of support for the construction of proposals of Iberian‘s History teaching. Also were analyzed, in this stage, the documents referring to the politics of use of this textbook, when it was sought to understand the relevance in the process of choice of this resource. The second stage was a case study that was developed from interviews with the supervisors and teachers of History, at public schools in Minas Gerais, trying to understand the space that the ethnic minorities of the Iberian medieval period occupy in the classrooms. The analyzed books show an expressive opening in referring to contemporary historiographic discussions when they dispose of a significant space to the medieval period, seeking to disconnect myths and stereotypes. Though, on what refers to the contents about Iberian Peninsula, it was noticed a simplified approach and correlated to the historical process of other regions from Europe as: France, England and Germany. Specifically, about the cultural and religious diversity, result of the relation among Christians, Muslims and Jews in the Iberian medieval period, the mention happened in punctual way in the context of the Islamic expansion. The interviews made possible to show that for the investigated professionals, the academic and professional Education constitute of predominant factors for the development of the teaching practice committed to the diversity. Using the text book of History, they do not always follow integrally the proposed contents: when there are reductionist visions, they go for other sources and other resources for bringing them to questioning; in what refers to questions on racial and religious intolerance are worked and they start from the conflicts that occur in the classroom environment and of the contextualization of the manual contents. The Iberian Peninsula is still problematic, because they include several generic stereotypes on the medieval period, forgetting to emphasize this region.